Synergetic approach to the study of internet-communication
Table of contents: The Kazakh-American Free University Academic Journal №7 - 2015
Author: Khraban Tatyana , Gorlovka Institute of Foreign Languages, Ukraine
Rapid and
dynamic increase in interest in interdisciplinary direction called
“synergetics” has been observed recently. Time of integration, system
synthesis, perception of the world as structural integrity and evolving system
has come. Many publications that enable to provide new research results in
synergistic processes in systems with multiple elements have been released.
Researchers have showed that the old theories aren’t perfect but new approaches
promise to lead to a stable improvement of the research results. These works
deserve peculiar attention since qualitatively new results have appeared on the
boundary of science. In many cases these results are different from the results
obtained by traditional methods.
In this
context synergy acts as a link between humanities and natural sciences and
translates “from a dialect of specific science into high Latin of interdisciplinary
communication”.
This is
transition to the communicative paradigm. One expression of this paradigm is
the synergetics. Generally speaking, it is not paradigm changing in question.
But it is important that a change of cognitive perspectives is perceived not in
the context of opposition to the existing paradigms, not as some kind of an
alternative option but as a tendency to a third way. Guidelines in the search
of this way are clearly deliberate (rather continually conscious).
The origin
of the philosophical concept “synergy” is the oriental cultural-historical and
philosophical traditions, especially of India
and China.
Later on the synergy began to penetrate into occidental culture context and
philosophical traditions, to acquire philosophical and cultural visions,
effects and connotations. Modern synergy synthesized some elements of oriental
and occidental ways of thinking and outlook. From East it adopted and further
developed the idea of integrity, cycling and general laws of the world. From
West it inherited positive aspects of traditional analysis based on experiment,
general validity of scientific results, special mathematical apparatus and so
on.
The term
“synergetics” was proposed by the German physicist Hermann Haken and means the
coordinated interaction of parts in the formation of the structure as a whole.
According to definition proposed by H. Haken “synergetics deals with the study
of systems that consist of many sub-systems of the different nature such as
electrons, atoms, molecules, cells, neurons, mechanical elements, photons,
organs, animals and even people” [1, p. 16].
As
postnonclassical paradigm of scientific knowledge synergetics emphasizes the
instability, volatility, fortuity, chaos and self-organizing of complex systems
as opposed to the traditional (classical) approach that recognizes the
principle of linearity and determinism. The common mathematical description of
self-organization of the different systems facilitates to bridge between
natural and humanitarian knowledge and brings in them the ideas of synergetics.
Scientific A. Knyazeva notes: “before the emergence of synergetics main task of
science was to develop a system of evidence in a scientific discipline.
Synergetics has another way. It is to find another solution, to detect the
interaction of science at them borders. She makes the next step, i. e. it comes
up to the mutual enrichment of different sciences” [2, p. 13].
Linguistics
is always in search of new approaches to the study of the object. It aspires to
improve research methods and techniques of organization and functioning of the
language system. Therefore at present interdisciplinary of synergetics and
above all, the profit from research methods of language as super sophisticated,
relatively stable, self-organizing nonlinear dynamical systems has found its
development in linguistics.
According
to the Russian scholar P. Opolev there are at least two intersection
synergetics and linguistics. Firstly, language can be considered as a
prototype, the paradigm of an open, non-linear, hierarchically organized,
evolving system. According to hierarchical (Haken) formulation synergetics
deals with just such systems. At the same time language can be examined at the
level of syntax and semantics, text, suggestions of words and, it weights most,
at the level of hypertext as nonlinear organized text.
The second
intersection region is a region of dialogically interpreted synergetic
methodology. In this area synergetic approach to the language means that it
becomes a process, nonlinear text providing an opportunity to move in different
directions, pass to other dimensions. Hypertext is a new form of written
communication. And there is every reason to admit that both intersection of
synergy and linguistics are within synergetic meta-context relative to a cyclic
supplement between themselves [3, p. 17-18].
Synergetic
approach to the study of changes in the language at different levels of its
organization allows to appreciate a true value of some fundamental concepts
that have become traditional, to incorporate new meanings to the concept
“system language”. Definition of the system has not been already conceived as a
fixed and a separated one but it should reflect the instability, openness,
nonlinearity, co-operation and co-evolution of its components.
Thus
synergetic linguistics emerged as an interdisciplinary school in language study
using categorical apparatus and methods of synergy is a methodological approach
to research in the dynamic space of language which is a succession of states of
volatile mega-system of language changing in time.
According
to the basic tenets of synergetic linguistics language space may be defined as
“an open, dynamic, non-linear, non-equilibrium mega-system consisting of many
hard-organized systems and subsystems that co-evolve. They are ruled by the
certain parameters of order to maintain stability and functionality of the
system [4].
The
emergence of the Internet made feasible the possibility to display real
language situation, the publication of a living language without literary and
editorial corrections, spontaneous formation of language style that is based on
the wide use possibilities of language system. These facts are the cause of
actuality of application synergistic ideas for the study of underlying objective
laws of development and operation of online communication language.
In this
context the Russian scientist A. Nazaruk in his scientific study “Network
society and its philosophical understanding” notes: “Claiming to be universal
approach that is able to cover both physical and social phenomena synergetics
investigates the processes of self-organize of systems and formation of
procedure structures. It is obvious that study the origin and evolution of the
Web, its characteristics as a specific and extremely viable system organization
should cause interest. Synergetics brings in the concept of complexity. It is
impossible to formulate others basic concepts of the modern theory of networks”
[5].
V. Arshinov
also highlights appropriateness of the using methodological framework of
synergetics for the study of Internet communication language: “New
synergetic paradigm is fundamentally pluralistic, connotative, aiming at
network-thinking INTERNET”, “One definition of Internet Web ... may be given
through the formulation of a global computer Network as synergetic connection
of communication combined with processes of cognition and creating of
mechanisms of coherence of the individual systems that produce content” [6].
It should
be noted that the interdisciplinary of synergetics is not reduced to abstract
methodological requirements. It takes into account consideration of objective
knowledge and therefore the development of designing technology of “specific
logic of specific subject”. With reference to this it should be noted a number
of features and properties of online communication that distinguish it from
other types of communication.
Thus,
according to L. Kompantseva the most special features of Internet
communications include:
– Internet
communication occurs in the new information environment featuring variety of
participant of communication, different genres, styles, types and kinds of
language;
– pragmatic
organization of Internet communication uses hypercategories (hypertext, virtual
discourse, genre format);
–
participants of Internet communication simultaneously execute many functions
and find themselves in a variety of realities. Communication acquires traits of
transformative, cross-cultural nature;
– Internet
communication is based on the principles of relevance, openness, interactivity,
autonomy, intertextuality;
– Internet
communication affects different types discourses and communicative practices
that are not consisted in it;
–
communication on the Internet is polynomial and receives two models of implementation:
asynchronous and synchronous;
– Internet
communication uses a new form of language combine verbal with writing types [7,
p. 13-14].
As an
example of the description of possible alternative means of language evolution
in online communication in terms of synergy which we consider the emergence of
so-called “padonkoff language”. The gist of “Padonkoff language” is to make
such errors that uneducated man can’t make. Undoubtedly, at first it is
intellectual game which is very close to the linguistic game. The Russian
linguist M. Kronhauz notes: “We are dealing with a rather anti-literacy than
the non-literacy” [8].
In this
case lexical and phraseological language composition of Internet communication
may be conceived as a kind of open steady system. The system functioning in
this state has structural properties due to attractors. Within open and
highly nonequilibrium system attractors are separate areas of system’s
structural order. They define the evolution of the system and subordinate its
development to their tendency (current model of words formation, some methods
of their inclusion in the text, the elements of meaning in which there are a
high need for Internet communication).
On the
basis of these definitions we can conclude that regardless of whether the
attractors are mobile their condition (movement) is stable and more orderly
than their environment. In the scope of their stability they attract the
disordered unit with chaotic behavior and hierarchically organize them. We name
this fact as structuring function attractors.
Attracting
surrounding elements attractors determine the evolution of the system,
subordinate its development to their nature. Evolutionary function of language
centers reflects in this fact. This attractors’ function is highlighted by N.
Alefirenko: “The discrete attractors’ nature hidden in the nonlinear medium
manifested as the purpose of idiomatic renewal and evolution. Thus, the present
phraseological subsystems of a language actually emerge from the future.
However,
the future is only partly predetermined as possible attractors existing in the
very nature of the phraseology system” [9]. That is, due to its stability the
attractor sets the direction of the development of language or its subsystems
(but does not determine, since, firstly, the dissipative mode of structure is
able to neutralize the effect of any attractor by force of dissipating its
impact. Secondly, at the same time it can influence several attractors, and
attraction to any of them is determined largely by chance). We name this fact
as the evolutionary function of attractors.
Owning
property of openness the system constantly experience fluctuations, i. e.
partial external influences. In this case fluctuations are phenomena whose
essence is a precedent of violation of spelling and a set of linguistic
clichés. The source of fluctuations is a kind of “fatigue from strict
rules of Russian orthography” and the language game.
The
catalyst of linguistic experiment is the technological revolution, namely, the
emergence of the Internet. Excessive accumulation of fluctuations in the system
leads to its disequilibrium. That is a transitional, interim state in which the
system experiences highest possible volatility and instability.
In its
development the system comes to a critical state called the bifurcation point.
At this point the way evolution of the system is undefined. Viewing available
fluctuations the system makes a decisive choice in favor of one of them. In the
considered case disturbances (word formation, contraction, accent imitation
etc.) suddenly are picked up, replicates and includes in the canon. M. Kronhauz
concludes that “Precedent and cliché increasingly win orthographic
pedantry” [8].
Taking into
account that “padonkoff language” linguistic experiment is more than a
violation of the language rules and in order to confirm the feasibility and
fertility of synergetic approach to the study of Internet communication we can
cite V. Arshinov’s remarks: “Just that very case we have an example of the
unity of principles of activity and communication. It is thoroughly revealed by
synergetic approach. At the same time the synergistic approach focuses on
communicative unity of experiment, on comprehension of it within the
networking, interdisciplinary, “transgressive” cognitive model in which
knowledge, tools and instruments are treated as operational intermediaries and
by means of which new meanings are generated and meet category of practice.
In this
case “meeting” means not only meeting with the philosophy of dialectical
materialism but also with the Hegelian philosophy that creates the reality of
spirit. During the rediscovery of communication synergistic nature of the
experiment this meeting also extends the horizon and the general understanding
of science as a phenomenon of civilization, socio-cultural evolutionary
process” [6].
Conclusions. Thus, synergistic approach to
philosophical comprehension of language in general and of Internet
communications particularly, is feasible and fruitful.
Appeal to
the synergistics can be motivated by the following factors. Firstly,
synergistics has a unique scientific means to study abnormal, non-classical
situations featuring ambiguity, non-linearity, the transition to a fractional
dimension, permanent observer and so on. Similar situations can be observed in
the language.
Secondly,
the synergistics predominantly is viewed as “international” language, capable
of interdisciplinary coverage.
Synergetic
approach allows using for the language area groundwork of unlike branches of
science. However, interdisciplinary of synergistics is not limited to abstract
methodological requirements and involves consideration of objective knowledge.
The flexibility of this approach is of great importance. It provides an
opportunity to focus on such moments of functional phenomenon that is studied,
which are essential for its self-disclosure and self-development.
Solely
basing on the classic linguistic research it is impossible to scientifically
explain language phenomenon of Internet communications. Only synergistic
approach can be effective and provides results which are fundamentally
different from those obtained by classical means.
We consider
that prospects for further research is to use a synergistic approach for the
study of semantics, syntax, methods of formation of new lexical and idiomatic
elements of Internet language as a reflection of language self-organization in
the Internet environment.
REFERENCES
1. Haken G. Synergetics. – M.: Mir, 1980.
2. Knyazeva E., Turobov A. United science about united nature. “New
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3. Opolev A.P. Dialectics and Synergetics: the identity and different,
PhD thesis, Omsk, 2010.
4. Dombrovan T.I. What gives synergy for language? Available at: www.
ff. unipo.sk /jak/ 12_2012/ dombrovan. pdf (Accessed 16 September 2015)
5. Nazarchuk A.V. Network society and its philosophical interpretation.
Available at: ec-dejavu.ru/ w/ WWW.html (Accessed 16 September 2015)
6. Arshinov V.I. Synergetics as a phenomenon of post-classical science.
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russ. ru/ novyi_mi/2008/5/ kr11-pr.html (Accessed 16 September 2015)
9. Alefirenko N.F. Cognitive and synergistic interpretation of processes
of neophraseology. – M.: OOO “Publishing “Elpis”, 2008.
Table of contents: The Kazakh-American Free University Academic Journal №7 - 2015
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